Modul
Summary
Kembali
[OLD] Linux System Administration (LF-ADM)
Digital Handbook
Modul 1
Course Introduction
Course Audience And Requirements
Target Platform
Command Line vs. Graphical Interface
Target Linux Distribution
The Linux Foundation Certifications
Training/Certification Firewall
Lab : Setup nusactl
Lab : Configuring the System for sudo
Summary
Modul 2
Linux Filesystem Tree Layout
One Big Filesystem
Data Distinctions
FHS Linux Standard Directory Tree
The Root (/) Directory
/bin
/boot
/dev
/etc
/home
/lib and /lib64
/media
/mnt
/opt
/proc
/sys
/root
/sbin
/srv
/tmp
/usr
/var
/run
Lab : Sizes of the Default Linux Directories
Lab : Touring the /proc Filesystem
Quiz 2.1: Working with File Content
Quiz 2.2: Working with Directory and File
Quiz 2.3: Comparing
Summary
Modul 3
Processes
What Is a Program?
What Is a Process?
Process Attributes
Process Resource Isolation
Controlling Processes with ulimit
Creating Processes
Creating Processes in a Command Shell
Process States
Execution Modes
Daemons
Using nice to Set Priorities
Modifying the Nice Value
Static and Shared Libraries
Shared Library Versions
Finding Shared Libraries
Lab : Controlling Processes with ulimit
Quiz 3.1: Configure Resource Limits
Summary
Modul 4
Signals
What Are Signals?
Types of Signals
kill
killall and pkill
Quiz 4.1: SIGKILL Signal
Summary
Modul 5
Package Management Systems
Why Use Packages?
Software Packaging Concepts
Package Types
Available Package Management Systems
Packaging Tool Levels and Varieties
Package Sources
Creating Software Packages
Revision Control Systems
The Linux Kernel and the Birth of git
How git Works
Lab : Version Control with git
Quiz 5.1: Working with Git
Quiz 5.2: Install Package from Source
Summary
Modul 6
DPKG
DPKG Essentials
Package File Names and Source
DPKG Queries
Installing/Upgrading/Uninstalling Packages with dpkg
Lab Requirements
Lab : Using dpkg
Quiz 6.1: Query The Package Management Database
Summary
Modul 7
APT
What Is APT?
apt, apt-get, apt-cache, etc.
Queries
Installing/Removing/Upgrading Packages with apt
Cleaning Up
Lab Requirements
Lab : Basic APT Commands
Lab : Using APT to Find Information About a Package
Summary
Modul 8
System Monitoring
Monitoring Tools
sar
Log Files
stress-ng
Quiz 8.1: Locate the Error Message
Lab : Using stress or stress-ng
Summary
Modul 9
I/O Monitoring and Tuning
I/O Monitoring and Disk Bottlenecks
iostat
iotop
ionice
Summary
Modul 10
I/O Scheduling
Disk Bottlenecks and I/O Scheduling
I/O Scheduler Choices
Summary
Modul 11
Linux Filesystems and the VFS
Filesystem Basics
Inodes
Hard and Soft Links
Virtual Filesystem (VFS)
Available Filesystems
Filesystem Varieties
Journaling Filesystems
Special Filesystems
Quiz 11.1: Hard and Soft Link
Summary
Modul 12
Disk Partitioning
Common Disk Types
Disk Geometry
Partition Organization
Why Partition?
MBR Partition Table
GPT Partition Table
Naming Disk Devices and Device Nodes
blkid
lsblk
Sizing Up Partitions
Backing Up and Restoring Partition Tables
Partition Table Editors
Using fdisk
Lab Requirements
Lab : Using a File as a Disk Partition Image
Lab : Partitioning a Disk Image File
Quiz 12.1: Partitioning
Summary
Modul 13
Filesystem Features: Attributes, Creating, Checking, Mounting
lsattr and chattr
mkfs
fsck
Mounting Filesystems
mount
Currently Mounted Filesystems
umount
Network Shares (NFS)
Mounting at Boot and /etc/fstab
Automatic Filesystem Mounting
automount Example
Lab : Working with File Attributes
Quiz 13.1: NFS Server
Summary
Modul 14
Filesystem Features: Swap, Quotas, Usage
df: Filesystem Usage
du: Disk Usage
Using swap
Filesystem Quotas
Setting Up Quotas
quotacheck
Turning Quotas On and Off
Examining Quotas
Setting Quotas
Lab : Managing Swap Space
Summary
Modul 15
The EXT4 Filesystems
The Ext4 Filesystems
ext4 Superblock and Block Groups
dumpe2fs
tune2fs
Summary
Modul 16
The XFS and BTRFS Filesystems
XFS
btrfs
Summary
Modul 17
Encrypting Disks
Why Use Encryption?
LUKS
Cryptsetup
Using an Encrypted Partition
Mounting at Boot
Lab : Disk Encryption
Summary
Modul 18
Logical Volume Management (LVM)
Logical Volume Management (LVM)
Volumes and Volume Groups
Logical Volumes Utilities
Creating Logical Volumes
Displaying Logical Volumes
Resizing Logical Volumes
LVM Snapshots
Lab : Logical Volumes
Quiz 18.1: Extend LVM Filesystem
Summary
Modul 19
RAID
RAID
RAID Levels
Software RAID Configuration
Monitoring RAIDs
RAID Hot Spares
Lab : Creating a RAID Device
Quiz 19.1: Working with RAID
Summary
Modul 20
Kernel Services and Configuration
Kernel Overview
Kernel Command Line
Kernel Boot Parameters
Sysctl
Lab : System Tunables with sysctl
Quiz 20.1: Configure Kernel Parameter
Summary
Modul 21
Virtualization Overview
What Is Virtualization?
Virtualization History
Hosts and Guests
Emulation vs. Virtualization
Types of Virtualization Hypervisors
Dedicated Hypervisor
Hypervisor in the Kernel
Libvirt
Programs Using libvirt
What Is QEMU?
Third Party Hypervisor Integration
Image Formats
KVM and Linux
Managing KVM
Lab : Installing a VM from the Command Line
Quiz 21.1: Configure Domain
Quiz 21.2: Create Virtual Machine
Summary
Modul 22
Containers Overview
Container Basics
Application Virtualization
Containers vs. Virtual Machines
Docker
Docker Steps
Docker Command
Podman
Lab : Installing and Testing Apache (httpd) as a Docker Application
Quiz 22.1: Working with Container
Quiz 22.2: Dockerfile
Summary
Modul 23
User Account Management
User Accounts
Attributes of a User Account
Creating User Accounts with useradd
Modifying and Deleting User Accounts
Locked Accounts
User IDs and /etc/passwd
Why Use /etc/shadow?
More on /etc/shadow
Password Management
Password Aging (chage)
Restricted Shell
Restricted Accounts
The Root Account
SSH
SSH Configuration Files
Remote Graphical Login
Summary
Modul 24
Group Management
Groups
Group Management
User Private Groups
Group Membership
Lab : Working with Groups
Quiz 24.1: Create New User and Group
Quiz 24.2: Increase The Server Security
Quiz 24.3: Configure SSH Authentication
Summary
Modul 25
File Permissions and Ownership
Owner, Group and World
File Access Rights
Chmod
Octal Digits
Chown and Chgrp
Umask
Filesystem ACLs
Lab : Using chmod
Quiz 25.1: File Permissions And Ownership
Quiz 25.2: Find Files
Summary
Modul 26
Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM)
Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
Authentication and Configuration Files
PAM Rules
LDAP Authentication
Quiz 26.1: Working with SSL Certificate
Summary
Modul 27
Network Addresses
IP Addresses
IPv4 Address Types
Reserved Addresses
IPv6 Address Types
IPv4 Address Classes
Netmasks
Getting and Setting the Hostname
Quiz 27.1: System Routing Table
Summary
Modul 28
Network Devices and Configuration
Network Devices
ip
Using ip: Examples
ifconfig
Predictable Network Interface Device Names
NIC Configuration Files
Network Manager
Network Manager Interfaces
nmtui
nmcli
Routing
Default Route
Static Routes
Name Resolution
/etc/hosts
DNS
Network Diagnostics
Lab : Static Configuration of a Network Interface
Lab : Adding a Static Hostname
Quiz 28.1: Configure Resolver
Summary
Modul 29
Firewalls
What Is a Firewall?
Packet Filtering
Firewall Generations
Firewall Interfaces and Tools
Why We Are Not Working with iptables
firewalld and firewall-cmd
firewalld Service Status
Zones
Zone Management Examples
Source Management
Service Management
Port Management
Quiz 29.1: Change Listening Port
Quiz 29.2: Redirect Inbound Traffic
Summary
Modul 30
System Startup and Shutdown
Boot Sequence
BIOS
Boot Loaders
Configuration Files in /etc
/etc/sysconfig
/etc/default
Shutting Down and Rebooting
Summary
Modul 31
GRUB
What Is GRUB?
GRUB Versions
Interactive Selections with GRUB at Boot
Installing GRUB
GRUB Device Nomenclature
GRUB Configuration Files
Boot Loader Specification Configuration (BLSCFG)
/boot/loader/entries
Summary
Modul 32
System Init: Systemd, Systemv and Upstart
The init Process
Startup Alternatives
systemd Features
systemd Configuration Files
systemctl
Lab : Adding a New Startup Service with systemd
Quiz 32.1: Tar and Executable Script
Quiz 32.2: Cron Job
Quiz 32.3: Configure NTP Service
Summary
Modul 33
Backup and Recovery Methods
Why Backups?
What Needs Backup?
Backup vs. Archive
Tape Drives
Backup Methods
Backup Strategies
Some Backup Related Utilities
Using tar for Backups
Using tar for Restoring Files
Incremental Backups with tar
Archive Compression Methods
dd
Using rsync for Backups
Using cpio for Backups
Backup Programs
Lab : Using tar for Backup
Lab : Using rsync for Backup
Quiz 33.1: Standard Streams
Summary
Modul 34
Basic Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Levels
Basic Troubleshooting Techniques
Things to Check: Networking
Things to Check: File Integrity
Boot Process Failures
Filesystem Corruption and Recovery
Using the Virtual Consoles
Quiz 34.1: Repair Filesystem Error
Summary
Modul 35
System Rescue
Rescue Media and Troubleshooting
Using Rescue/Recovery Image
System Rescue and Recovery
Emergency Boot Media
Using Rescue Media
Rescue USB Key
Emergency Mode
Single User Mode
Summary
Modul 36
WARNING !!
Survey