SOLUTION COMPREHENSIVE 1 : MANAGING FILES FROM THE COMMAND LINE
In this review, you will manage files, redirect a specific set of lines from a text file to another
file and edit the text files.
##OUTCOMES
You should be able to:
• Manage files from the command line.
• Display a certain number of lines from text files and redirect the output to another file.
• Edit text files.
##BEFORE YOU BEGIN
Copy any files or work you wish to keep to other systems before resetting. Reset the
workstation, servera, and serverb systems now. Wait until the workstation,
servera, and serverb systems are started.
Log in to workstation as student using student as the password.
On workstation, run lab rhcsa-rh124-review1 start to start the comprehensive
review. This script creates the necessary files to set up the environment correctly.
[student@workstation ~]$ lab rhcsa-rh124-review1 start
##INSTRUCTIONS
Accomplish the following tasks on serverb to complete the exercise.
• Create a new directory called /home/student/grading.
• Create three empty files in the /home/student/grading directory named grade1,
grade2, and grade3.
• Capture the first five lines of the /home/student/bin/manage-files file in the /
home/student/grading/manage-files.txt file.
• Append the last three lines of /home/student/bin/manage-files to the file /home/
student/grading/manage-files.txt. You must not overwrite any text already in the
file /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt.
• Copy /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt to /home/student/grading/
manage-files-copy.txt.
• Edit the file /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt so that there
should be two sequential lines of text reading Test JJ.
• Edit the file /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt so that the Test
HH line of text must not exist in the file.
• Edit the file /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt so that the line A
new line should exist between the line reading Test BB and the line reading Test CC.
• Create a hard link named /home/student/hardlink to the file /home/student/
grading/grade1. You will need to do this after creating the empty file /home/
student/grading/grade1 as specified above.
• Create a soft link named /home/student/softlink to the file /home/student/
grading/grade2.
• Save the output of a command that lists the contents of the /boot directory to the file
/home/student/grading/longlisting.txt. The output should be a “long listing”
that includes file permissions, owner and group owner, size, and modification date of each
file.
-
Create a new directory called /home/student/grading.
      1.1. From workstation, open an SSH session to serverb as student.
[student@workstation ~]$ ssh student@serverb
...output omitted...
[student@serverb ~]$
      1.2. Use the mkdir command to create the /home/student/grading directory.
[student@serverb ~]$ mkdir grading
As you ran the preceding command while in the home directory of the student user,
you did not specify the absolute path to the grading directory while creating it.
2. Create three empty files in the /home/student/grading directory named grade1,
grade2, and grade3.
      2.1. Use the touch command to create the empty files called grade1, grade2, and grade3 in the /home/student/grading directory. Apply the brace expansion shell feature to create all three files with a single touch command.
[student@serverb ~]$ touch grading/grade{1,2,3}
```bash
<br>
2.2. Use the ls command to verify that the grade1, grade2, and grade3 files exist
under the directory /home/student/grading.
```bash
[student@serverb ~]$ ls grading/
grade1
grade2
grade3
3.Capture the first five lines of the /home/student/bin/manage-files file in the /home/
student/grading/manage-files.txt file.
      3.1. Use the head command to view the first five lines of the file /home/student/bin/
manage-files and redirect the output to the file /home/student/grading/
manage-files.txt.
[student@serverb ~]$ head -5 bin/manage-files > grading/manage-
files.txt
The preceding command uses the single redirection symbol (>) to save the command
output to /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt so that any existing
content in the file gets overwritten.
      3.2. Verify that the file /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt contains the
following text.
Test AA
Test BB
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE
4. Append the last three lines of /home/student/bin/manage-files to the file /home/
student/grading/manage-files.txt. You must not overwrite any text already in the
file /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt.
      4.1. Use the tail command to view the last three lines of the file /home/student/bin/
manage-files and append the output to /home/student/grading/manage-
files.txt.
[student@serverb ~]$ tail -3 bin/manage-files >> grading/manage-
files.txt
The preceding command uses the double redirection symbol (>>) to append the
output to /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt so that the existing
contents in the file are preserved.
      4.2.
Verify that the file /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt contains the
following text.
Test AA
Test BB
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE
Test HH
Test II
Test JJ
5.
Copy the /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt file to /home/student/
grading/manage-files-copy.txt.
      5.1.
Use the cd command to navigate to the directory /home/student/grading.
[student@serverb ~]$ cd grading/
[student@serverb grading]$
      5.2.
Use the cp command to copy the /home/student/grading/manage-files.txt
file to /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt.
[student@serverb grading]$ cp manage-files.txt manage-files-copy.txt
      5.3.
Navigate back to the home directory of the user student.
[student@serverb grading]$ cd
[student@serverb ~]$
6.
Edit the file /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt so that there should
be two sequential lines of text reading Test JJ.
      6.1.
Use the vim text editor to open the /home/student/grading/manage-files-
copy.txt file.
[student@serverb ~]$ vim grading/manage-files-copy.txt
      6.2.
From the command mode in vim, scroll down to the line that has the Test JJ line of
text. Press the y key twice on your keyboard to copy the line of text and press the p
key to paste it below the cursor. Type :wq to save the changes and quit vim. Verify
that the /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt file contains the
following text.
Test AA
Test BB
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE
Test HH
Test II
Test JJ
Test JJ
Notice that the preceding content includes two copies of the Test JJ line of text.
7. Edit the file /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt so that the Test HH
line of text must not exist in the file.
      7.1. Use the vim text editor to open the /home/student/grading/manage-files-
copy.txt file.
[student@serverb ~]$ vim grading/manage-files-copy.txt
      7.2.
From the command mode in vim, scroll down to the line that has the Test HH line
of text. Press the d key twice on your keyboard to delete the line of text. Type :wq to
save the changes and quit vim. Verify that the /home/student/grading/manage-
files-copy.txt file contains the following text.
Test AA
Test BB
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE
Test II
Test JJ
Test JJ
Notice that the preceding content does not include the Test HH line of text.
8.
Edit the file /home/student/grading/manage-files-copy.txt so that the line A new
line exists between the line reading Test BB and the line reading Test CC.
      8.1.
Use the vim text editor to open the /home/student/grading/manage-files-
copy.txt file.
[student@serverb ~]$ vim grading/manage-files-copy.txt
      8.2.
From the command mode in vim, scroll down to the line that has the Test CC line
of text. Press the i key on the keyboard to switch to the insert mode while keeping
the cursor at the beginning of the Test CC line of text. From the insert mode, press
the Enter key on the keyboard to create a blank line above the cursor. Use the up
arrow to navigate to the blank line and create the A new line line of text. Press the
Esc key on the keyboard to switch back to the command mode. Type :wq to save the
changes and quit vim. Verify that the /home/student/grading/manage-files-
copy.txt file contains the following text.
Test AA
Test BB
A new line
Test CC
Test DD
Test EE
Test II
Test JJ
Test JJ
Notice that the preceding content includes the A new line line of text.
9. Create a hard link named /home/student/hardlink to the file /home/student/
grading/grade1.
      9.1. Use the ln command to create the hard link named /home/student/hardlink to
the file /home/student/grading/grade1. You will need to do this after creating
the empty file /home/student/grading/grade1 as specified above.
[student@serverb ~]$ ln grading/grade1 hardlink
      9.2.
Use the ls -l command to view the link count of the /home/student/grading/
grade1 file.
[student@serverb ~]$ ls -l grading/grade1
-rw-rw-r--. 2 student student 0 Mar 6 16:45 grading/grade1
10. Create a soft link named /home/student/softlink to the file /home/student/
grading/grade2.
      10.1.
Use the ln -s command to create the soft link named /home/student/softlink
to the file /home/student/grading/grade2.
[student@serverb ~]$ ln -s grading/grade2 softlink
      10.2.
Use the ls -l command to view the properties of the /home/student/softlink
soft link.
[student@serverb ~]$ ls -l softlink
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 student student 14 Mar 6 17:58 softlink -> grading/
grade2
11.
Save the output of a command that lists the contents of the /boot directory to the file /
home/student/grading/longlisting.txt. The output should be a “long listing” that
includes file permissions, owner and group owner, size, and modification date of each file.
      11.1.
Use the ls -l command to view the contents of the directory /boot in the “long
listing” format and redirect the output to the file /home/student/grading/
longlisting.txt.
[student@serverb ~]$ ls -l /boot > grading/longlisting.txt
      11.2.
Log out of serverb.
[student@serverb ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to serverb closed.
##Evaluation
On workstation, run the lab rhcsa-rh124-review1 grade command to confirm success
of this exercise.
[student@workstation ~]$ lab rhcsa-rh124-review1 grade
##Finish
On workstation, run lab rhcsa-rh124-review1 finish to complete the comprehensive
review. This script deletes the files and directories created during the start of the comprehensive
review and ensures that the environment on serverb is clean.
[student@workstation ~]$ lab rhcsa-rh124-review1 finish
This concludes the comprehensive review.